伯恩斯
介绍
小 伯恩斯 are common skin injuries that affect the outer most layers of the skin. 伯恩斯 are caused by heat, 比如火, but can occur from several other sources, such as hot liquids, 太阳, or certain chemicals. 小 伯恩斯 can be treated with first aid at home or outpatient care from a physician. Severe 伯恩斯 are a medical emergency and require immediate attention.
解剖学
Your skin covers your body and protects it from the environment. Your skin is composed of three layers, the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. The epidermis is the outermost layer. It protects your inner skin layers. The dermis is the second layer of skin. It is made up of connective tissue and provides structure. It is composed of collagen and various elements that give your skin strength and elasticity. The dermis contains hair cells, 汗腺, and sebaceous glands that secrete oils to hydrate the skin. Subcutaneous tissue is your inner most layer of skin. Subcutaneous tissue contains fat cells. The fat cells insulate your body and make your skin appear plump and full.
原因
There are many causes of 伯恩斯. 又干又热, 比如火 or a hot object; wet heat, such as boiling water, 蒸汽, or hot liquids; radiation, such as from 太阳 or nuclear radiation; friction, such as rubbing forces with an object; electricity; and certain chemicals can all cause 伯恩斯.
症状
诊断。
伯恩斯 are characterized by the degree to which they affect the skin:
First Degree 伯恩斯
First Degree 伯恩斯 only affect the epidermis, the outer layer of skin. The skin may appear red and is painful. The skin may appear swollen.
Second Degree 伯恩斯
Second Degree 伯恩斯 affect the first two layers of the skin, the epidermis and the dermis. In addition to severe pain, swelling, and splotchy redness, second degree 伯恩斯 cause blistering.
Third Degree 伯恩斯
Third Degree 伯恩斯 affect all three layers of the skin. The skin may appear blackened or charred. The skin may feel numb. Third Degree 伯恩斯 require emergency medical treatment.
Fourth Degree 伯恩斯
Fourth Degree 伯恩斯 affect all three layers of the skin and extend beyond the skin to underlying tissues; muscles, 神经, blood vessels or bones. Fourth Degree 伯恩斯 require emergency medical treatment.
治疗
People with First or Second Degree 伯恩斯 should use first aid and consult their doctor. People with more serious 伯恩斯 should receive emergency medical treatment. First aid for minor 伯恩斯 includes running cool water over the affected area for five minutes. Do not use ice, as it may cause frostbite. Loosely cover the burn with dry sterile gauze. Take over-the-counter pain relieving medication. Consult your doctor about appropriate pain relievers for children.
Recovery from minor 伯恩斯 can take several weeks. It is important to keep the skin clean and dry. Follow your doctor’s instructions carefully.
版权© - iHealthSpot Interactive - www.iHealthSpot.com
This information is intended for educational and informational purposes only. It should not be used in place of an individual consultation or examination or replace the advice of your health care professional and should not be relied upon to determine diagnosis or course of treatment.
的iHealthSpot patient education library was written collaboratively by the iHealthSpot editorial team which includes Senior Medical Authors Dr. Mary Car-Blanchard, OTD/OTR/L and Valerie K. Clark, and the following editorial advisors: Steve Meadows, MD, Ernie F. Soto, DDS, Ronald J. Glatzer, MD, Jonathan Rosenberg, MD, Christopher M. Nolte, MD, David Applebaum, MD, Jonathan M. Tarrash, MD, and Paula Soto, RN/BSN. This content complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. The library commenced development on September 1, 2005 with the latest update/addition on February 16, 2022. For information on iHealthSpot’s other services including medical website design,请访问 www.iHealthSpot.com.